1. Purpose of the study: To determine the effectiveness of the therapeutic and prophylactic action of pine nut oil toothpastes Kedra under Ringing Cedars of Russia sign.

2. Goals of the study:  To evaluate the condition of patients' mouths prior to the use of the therapeutic and prophylactic pine nut oil toothpastes Kedra.
- To study the cleansing properties of Kedra toothpastes after two and six weeks of use.
- To study the anti-inflammatory properties of pine nut oil toothpastes Kedra after two and six weeks of use.
- To provide an evaluation of the organoleptic properties of Kedra toothpastes from the results of a survey.

3. Materials and methods of the study:
The study was carried out with the voluntary consent of patients of both sexes from 18 to 25 years of age. The test subjects did not have any medical contraindications, and undertook to use only the toothpaste issued to them. Prior to the beginning of the study, instructions were given to the test subjects regarding oral hygiene and the standard methods of brushing the teeth. It was recommended to all test subjects that they use brushes with soft and very soft bristles because of inflammation of the gums. No other forms of hygienic care for the mouth was permitted during the period of the study, as well as directed treatment of inflammatory diseases of the parodontium. Just before the study, all patients were given a professional cleaning of the oral cavity.

Twenty persons with chronic catarrhal gingivitis took part in the study.

Methods of brushing:

In the morning - Kedra with pine nut oil and mint essential oil,
Evening - Kedra with Siberian pine resin, pine nut flour and pine nut shell.

All patients underwent an interview process according to a specially developed questionnaire to evaluate the organoleptic properties of pine nut oil toothpastes Kedra under Ringing Cedars of Russia sign.

In the study, indicators were recorded for the test subjects during their examination that classified the presence of dental tartar and plaque, and a clinical examination was made of the condition of the soft tissues of the mouth.

During the testing of the toothpastes, an evaluation of the level of oral hygiene was made according to the OHI-S index (Green, Vermillion, 1964), the tendency to bleed of the gums according to the GBI index (J. Silness, 1964, H. Loe, 1967), and the degree of gum inflammation according to the PMA index

(C. Parma, 1960).
The cleansing effect was determined as a reduction of the OHI-S index according to the formula:
Effect (%) = 100 x [OHI-S(1) - OHI-S(2)]/OHI-S(1), where the indices OHI-S(1) and (2) refer to the first and subsequent examinations.
The hemostatic effect was determined as a reduction of the GBI index according to the formula:
Effect (%) = 100 x [GBI(1) - GBI(2)]/GBI(1), in which the indices GBI(1) and (2) refer to the first and subsequent examinations.
The anti-inflammatory effect was determined as a reduction of the PMA index according to the formula:
Effect (%) = 100 x [PMA(1) - PMA(2)]/PMA(1), in the formula the indices PMA(1) and (2) refer to the first and subsequent examinations.

4. Results of the study:

Only data received from the test subjects who had undergone the entire investigation in full were used. The average values of the indices being studied is presented in Table 1.

Table 1
Change in dental condition over the period of observation

The application of Kedra toothpastes under Ringing Cedars of Russia over the course of six weeks demonstrated that, when used, an improvement of the hygienic condition of the mouth and the condition of the parodontium is observed.

Table 2
Change in the condition of the parodontium with the use of pine nut oil toothpastes Kedra according to the PMA index

As it follows from Table 2, a marked anti-inflammatory effect was observed in patients with chronic catarrhal gingivitis with the use of Kedra toothpastes with pine nut oil under Ringing Cedars of Russia sign, which was expressed in the reduction of the PMA indicator by 46.77% for the first two weeks, an even more intensive change in the indicator occurred over six weeks of use and came to 52.5%.

Table 3
Change in the numerical indicators of the Gingival Bleeding Index with the use of pine nut oil toothpastes Kedra over the period of the study

On examining the history of the change in the degree of gingival bleeding with the use of Kedra toothpastes with pine nut oil, a reduction in bleeding by 26.7% was found after two weeks, and by 46% after six weeks, which is evidence of a marked increase in the anti-inflammatory effect of Kedra toothpastes under Ringing Cedars of Russia sign over the entire period of the observations.

Table 4
Changes in the level of oral hygiene with the use of pine nut oil toothpastes Kedra according to the OHI-S index

On examining the change in the level of oral hygiene when using pine nut oil  toothpastes Kedra, an improvement in oral hygiene was found in patients with gingivitis. The increase in the indicator of cleansing effectiveness after two weeks of use by 37%, and after six weeks by 45.5% from the initial state indicates a good cleansing effect of the pine nut oil toothpastes being studied.

A study of the organoleptic properties of the Kedra toothpastes with pine nut oil indicated that 68% of the patients evaluate the taste of the paste as pleasant, while 74% of patients mention the pleasant aroma of the toothpastes (Table 5). The toothpastes did not have any localized irritating or allergenic effects on the mucous membrane of the mouth, and did not stain the hard tissue of the tooth. Of the people studied, 75% noted a good level of frothiness of the toothpastes, and 88% of the patients mentioned a sensation of freshness in the mouth after brushing their teeth.

Thus, with the use of the Kedra toothpaste with Siberian pine resin, pine nut flour and pine nut shell in the evening, and the Kedra toothpaste with pine nut oil and mint essential oil in the morning, a marked cleansing and anti-inflammatory effect is noted for the toothpastes being investigated. Allergenic and localized irritating effects of the toothpastes on the mucous membrane of the mouth were not established in the course of the study. Taking into account the high anti-inflammatory and hemostatic effectiveness of the Kedra toothpastes, they should be recommended for use to patients with inflammatory diseases of the parodontium.

Table 5
Organoleptic properties of pine nut oil toothpastes Kedra under Ringing Cedars of Russia sign

The Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, Novosibirsk State Medical University
Associate Professor T. G. Petrova, Head of the Department of Preventive Dentistry
T. V. Zvereva, Candidate of Medical Sciences, Instructor in the Department of Preventive Dentistry.

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Footnote:

1. Siberian Cedar - Ancient name for Siberinan Pine (Pinus Sibirica). BACK TO TEXT